城市能源新基建

商业综合体的绿色能源升级之路

From Energy Consumer to Energy Producer: The Green Transformation of Commercial Complexes

屋顶种光伏，地下储绿电，让每一度电都成为品牌资产

PV on the Roof, Storage Underground — Turn Every Kilowatt-Hour into Brand Equity

图1 商业综合体屋顶光伏全景

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深夜10点，重庆大渡口万达广场的霓虹灯渐次熄灭，屋顶11MW光伏矩阵结束了一天的发电——它们在白昼将阳光转化为电力，为商场的电梯、空调与照明提供了实实在在的绿电支撑。这座年客流量超百万的商业巨兽，正在完成从“能耗巨兽”到“阳光电厂”的蜕变。

At 10 p.m., as the neon lights of Chongqing Dadukou Wanda Plaza dim one by one, the 11MW rooftop PV array completes another day of power generation — converting sunlight into electricity that powered the mall's elevators, HVAC, and lighting all day. This commercial giant, with over a million annual visitors, is completing its transformation from an "energy-hungry beast" to a "solar power plant."

这不是个例。2025年，全国大量购物中心启动光伏改造，万达7座西部城市同步建成11MW光伏集群、年发电750万度；北京中海金融中心1号写字楼成为北京首个大型商业办公零碳建筑，综合节能率81%；成都零碳新能更提出“光储荷智控一体化”愿景——商业空间的能源基因正在被重写。

This is not an isolated case. In 2025, shopping malls across China launched PV retrofits en masse. Wanda synchronized 11MW of PV clusters across 7 western cities, generating 7.5 million kWh annually. Beijing's COLI Financial Center Tower 1 became the city's first large-scale zero-carbon commercial office building, achieving an 81% comprehensive energy-saving rate. Chengdu Zero-Carbon New Energy even proposed a "PV-Storage-Load-Intelligent Control" integrated vision — the energy DNA of commercial spaces is being rewritten.

图2 深夜商场的能源困境

一、商业综合体：被忽视的城市“能耗巨兽”

I. Commercial Complexes: The Overlooked Urban "Energy Beast"

一座10万㎡的中型购物中心，年电费轻松突破500万元。在典型的商业综合体（购物中心、写字楼、酒店）中，能耗成本通常占运营总成本的30%-45%。按业态拆解，能耗分布如下：

A 100,000m² mid-sized shopping mall easily accumulates 5+ million CNY in annual electricity costs. In a typical commercial complex (mall + office + hotel), energy costs account for 30%-45% of total operating expenses. Breaking down by system:

更关键的是，商业综合体的能耗强度远超普通建筑。以万达广场为例，购物中心年综合能耗强度控制在120-150 kWh/m²，虽已低于行业推荐值（180 kWh/m²），但庞大的建筑体量仍然意味着巨额电费。而写字楼和酒店由于功能差异，能耗更多集中在空调和热水系统，具有不同的优化路径。

More critically, the energy intensity of commercial complexes far exceeds that of ordinary buildings. Taking Wanda Plaza as an example, annual comprehensive energy intensity is controlled at 120-150 kWh/m² — already below the industry recommended value (180 kWh/m²) — yet the sheer building volume still translates to massive electricity bills. Office towers and hotels, due to functional differences, see energy consumption concentrated in HVAC and hot water systems, offering distinct optimization paths.

“年电费500万的商场，空调吃掉一半，照明再吃四分之一。这就是商业地产的能源账本。”

"In a mall with 5 million CNY annual electricity bills, HVAC eats half, lighting eats another quarter. That's the energy ledger of commercial real estate."

二、为什么商业综合体是光伏的“黄金屋顶”？

II. Why Commercial Complexes Are PV's "Golden Rooftop"

商业综合体具备三个独一无二的优势，使其成为光储一体化最高价值的落地场景：

Commercial complexes possess three unique advantages that make them the highest-value deployment scenario for PV-storage integration:

真实案例：

● 万达广场集群：7座西部城市（重庆、西安、万州、江津、涪陵、永川、綦江）同步建设11MW光伏集群，年发电超750万度，年均降低电费支出超百万元，年减排二氧化碳数千吨。采用“零投入”模式，将闲置屋顶转化为长效收益资产。

● 玉林万达广场：8093m²光伏发电系统，年发电165万度，年减碳1364吨，获评2025年绿色商场培育单位。

● 北京中海金融中心1号写字楼：4大类19项技术集成，综合节能率81%，本体节能率63%，可再生能源利用率68%，降碳率75%。全楼光伏发电覆盖1/3用电量；光伏幕墙、光伏格栅、光伏遮阳板实现BIPV建材化；地源热泵+212个换热井实现供暖自给自足；V2G充电桩可反向供电。

Real Cases:

● Wanda Plaza Cluster: 7 western cities synchronized 11MW PV, generating 7.5M+ kWh/year, saving 1M+ CNY/year in electricity, reducing thousands of tons of CO₂. Zero-upfront model converts idle rooftops into perpetual revenue assets.

● Yulin Wanda Plaza: 8,093m² PV system, 1.65M kWh/year, 1,364 tons CO₂/year reduction, named 2025 Green Mall Cultivation Unit.

● Beijing COLI Financial Center Tower 1: 19 technologies across 4 categories. 81% comprehensive energy-saving rate, 63% building energy-saving rate, 68% renewable energy utilization, 75% carbon reduction rate. Building-wide PV covers 1/3 of electricity consumption. BIPV integration via PV curtain walls, PV louvers, PV sunshades. Ground-source heat pump with 212 boreholes for self-sufficient heating. V2G chargers enable reverse power supply.

图3 商业综合体为什么是光伏的黄金屋顶

三、三张场景牌：购物中心、写字楼、酒店的差异化打法

III. Three Scenario Plays: Differentiated Approaches for Malls, Offices, and Hotels

商业综合体不是单一场景。购物中心、写字楼、酒店的用能规律截然不同，光伏+储能的配置策略也需要精准适配。

A commercial complex is not a single scenario. Malls, offices, and hotels have fundamentally different energy consumption patterns, requiring precisely tailored PV+storage strategies.

③ 购物中心

Mall

④ 写字楼

Office Building

⑤ 酒店

Hotel

图4 购物中心×写字楼×酒店三大场景

四、从屋顶光伏到零碳建筑：三级跃迁方案

IV. From Rooftop PV to Zero-Carbon Building: A Three-Tier Upgrade Pathway

商业综合体的光储升级不是一蹴而就的。根据项目定位、投资预算和减碳目标，我们提供三级方案：

The PV-storage upgrade of a commercial complex is not a one-shot deal. Depending on project positioning, investment budget, and carbon-reduction targets, we offer a three-tier pathway:

方案A：光伏降本（入门级）

Tier A: PV Cost Reduction (Entry Level)

方案B：光储进阶（进阶级）

Tier B: PV+Storage Advancement (Advanced)

方案C：零碳旗舰（旗舰级）

Tier C: Zero-Carbon Flagship

图5 ABC三级跃迁方案

五、经济测算：一座10万㎡购物中心的光储账本

V. Economic Analysis: The PV-Storage Ledger of a 100,000m² Shopping Mall

以一座典型10万㎡购物中心为例，年用电量约1500万度，年电费支出约1200万元（综合电价0.8元/kWh）。采用方案B（光储进阶）：

Taking a typical 100,000m² shopping mall as an example: annual consumption ~15M kWh, annual electricity bill ~12M CNY (blended rate 0.8 CNY/kWh). Adopting Tier B (PV+Storage Advanced):

“商场屋顶不是成本中心，是利润中心。4年回本，剩下21年纯赚。”

"A mall rooftop is not a cost center — it's a profit center. Payback in 4 years, pure profit for the next 21."

图6 10万㎡购物中心经济测算

六、政策窗口：京津双城的绿色倒计时

VI. Policy Window: Beijing-Tianjin's Green Countdown

商业综合体的光储升级，在北京和天津这两座城市，已经不是“要不要做”的问题，而是“多快做”的问题。我们聚焦两地政策，逐条拆解。

The PV-storage upgrade of commercial complexes in Beijing and Tianjin is no longer a question of "whether" — it's "how fast." Let's break down both cities' policies, line by line.

北京：能碳双控已进入强监管时代

Beijing: "Energy-Carbon Dual Control" Has Entered Hard Regulation

“在北京，一栋10万㎡的商场如果不能证明自己在省电、在减碳，它面临的不是电费账单，而是行政罚单。”

"In Beijing, a 100,000m² mall that can't prove it's saving energy and cutting carbon faces not just an electricity bill — but an administrative penalty."

天津：金融创新+能源托管双引擎驱动

Tianjin: Financial Innovation + Energy Performance Contracting as Twin Engines

“在天津，你甚至不需要自己掏一分钱——能源托管+新能源发电量挂钩贷款，两条金融工具让光伏储能变成一门‘拎包入住’的生意。”

"In Tianjin, you don't even need to pay a single yuan upfront — energy performance contracting + generation-linked loans turn PV+storage into a turnkey business."

京津双城：政策合力下的绿色转型公式

Beijing-Tianjin: The Green Transition Formula

北京 = 强监管倒逼（能碳双控+能效分级+强制审查）→ 不求光伏就挨罚
天津 = 强激励拉动（能源托管+发电量挂钩贷款+低息贷款）→ 做了光伏就赚钱
两者叠加 = 京津商业地产绿色转型的“推拉效应”，不做就是双输。

Beijing = Hard regulation push (energy-carbon dual control + efficiency grading + mandatory review) → No PV means penalties
Tianjin = Strong incentive pull (energy performance contracting + generation-linked loans + low-interest loans) → PV means profit
Combined = The "push-pull effect" of Beijing-Tianjin commercial real estate green transition. Not acting is a lose-lose.

图7 京津双城的政策窗口

七、合普煜商业综合体光储充解决方案

VII. HEPUYU Commercial Complex PV-Storage-Charging Solution

合普煜深耕光伏行业18年，针对商业综合体场景打磨出一套可复制、可定制的全链条服务体系：

With 18 years of PV industry expertise, HEPUYU has crafted a replicable, customizable full-chain service system for commercial complexes:

图8 合普煜商业综合体解决方案

八、决策矩阵：你的项目该选哪一级？

VIII. Decision Matrix: Which Tier Suits Your Project?

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过去，商场的屋顶是“闲置资产”；现在，它是价值千万的“能源金矿”。

In the past, a mall rooftop was an "idle asset"; today, it is a multi-million-yuan "energy gold mine."

过去，电费是“不可控成本”；现在，光伏+储能让它变成了“可经营资产”。

In the past, the electricity bill was an "uncontrollable cost"; today, PV+storage turns it into a "manageable asset."

当万达7座城市的屋顶同步闪耀11MW光伏矩阵，当中海金融中心用阳光点亮1/3的办公用电，当一座购物中心靠光伏省下每年近350万元——商业空间的能源角色已经发生了不可逆的转变。

When 7 Wanda Plazas across western cities synchronize 11MW of PV, when COLI Financial Center powers one-third of its offices with sunlight, when a shopping mall saves nearly 3.5 million CNY a year from PV — the energy role of commercial spaces has undergone an irreversible transformation.

“商业综合体的未来，不是更省电，而是自己发电。”

"The future of commercial complexes is not about using less electricity — it's about generating your own."

图9 商业空间的能源革命

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本文为“城市能源新基建”系列第4篇。上一篇：市政设施的绿色能源升级之路。下一篇：医院。

This is Article #4 of the "Urban Energy New Infrastructure" series. Previous: Green Energy Upgrade for Municipal Facilities. Next: Hospitals.

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关于合普煜新能源 About HEPUYU

合普煜新能源专注分布式光伏EPC、液冷储能系统集成、光储充微电网解决方案18年。服务覆盖项目开发、投融资方案、工程设计、设备集成、智能运维全链条。

HEPUYU New Energy has been dedicated to distributed PV EPC, liquid-cooled storage system integration, and PV-storage-charging microgrid solutions for 18 years. Full-chain services from project development, investment & financing, engineering design, equipment integration, to intelligent O&M.

[官网 Website] www.bjhpy.com